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Top reading comprehension skills

The most difficult element of the SLE Reading Comprehension exam is that the multiple choice questions use “distractors” or “traps”: incorrect answers that are very similar to the correct answer but with only a small change.

Traps in incorrect answers often involve:

(in order of frequency as they appear in the exam)

  • Topic: additional information that is not in the text
  • Role: the same people or things appear, but their jobs or relationship are switched
  • Cause: a reason that answers a different question
  • Time: the wrong time or the wrong order of events in time
  • Scope: stating something bigger or smaller or of a different frequency than the text
  • Partial Truths: the answer contains combines true and false details
  • Negatives: stating the opposite of the text
  • Model Auxiliary Verbs: changing the modal and therefore the meaning
  • Status: treating a wish or request as if it were already true
  • Number: wrong numbers, or a right numbers tied to the wrong thing

In order to identify the correct answer, you need to build the skills to overcome the “traps.”

Trap #1: Ideas are expressed in a different way.

Paraphrasing is when an idea is phrased or structured in a different way but expresses the same meaning or sentiment. Paraphrased content can use different vocabulary words and change the sentence structure, flow, and grammar.

Developing your skill to identify and correlate the correct paraphrased content is extremely important for the reading comprehension exam.

Skill #1: Matching paraphrases.

You build paraphrasing skills by:

  • expanding your vocabulary knowledge to identify the same or different meaning
  • such as synonyms, phrasal verbs and corresponding proper verbs, and phrasal nouns
  • comprehending grammatical elements that impact when actions occur
  • such as verb forms (fixed actions, past, immediate present, and future) and corresponding adverbs of time, frequency, duration (normally, before, now, later)
  • understanding differing sentence structures that impact who does what to whom
  • such as active voice (subject, verb, object) vs. passive (object verb subject) to correctly identify relationships

In the exam, the correct answer almost never reuses the text's words.

Example 1:

The text states: "forward your ideas and suggestions to me"

The correct option says "send her their proposals."

In this example, there are two traps:

Vocabulary changes:

“forward” = “send”

“proposal” = “suggestion.”

Structure Changes:

The text is written is direct speech using first and second person (the writer is speaking: I, me, your), but the correct answer is written in indirect speech using third person (someone is speaking about the writer: her).

Example 2

The text states: “employees will have five working days to request changes”

The correct answer is: “they can ask for changes within one regular work week.”

In this example, there are three traps:

Vocabulary changes:

  • “Employees” = “they” (correlating pronouns to nouns)
  • “Request” = “ask”
  • “Five working days” = “one regular work week” (understanding noun phrases and deducing that a regular workweek is five days: Monday to Friday)

Grammatical changes:

  • “Will have” ➜ “can ask”
  • The confirmed amount of time employees will have to request changes = they will have the confirmed ability (“can”) to make changes within that amount of time

Structural Changes:

  • The text and the correct answer reverse the order of action and time:
  • Text: time ➜ action vs. Correct answer: action ➜ time

Trap #2: Small changes in words; big changes in meaning.

An incorrect answer may change just one detail in an otherwise true statement. You need to check the exact meaning, even when most of the words look correct.

Skill #2: Reading for precision.

You build this skill by:

  • checking who does what to whom
  • Identify who does the action, what the action is, and who or what receives it.
  • checking time, frequency, and quantity
  • Look for deadlines, durations, how often something happens, and minimum or maximum amounts.
  • checking words that set requirements or limits
  • Compare words such as only, all, at least, no later than, must, and may.

Example 1:

The text states: “The survey is conducted annually.”

The question asks: “How often is the survey conducted?”

The correct answer is: “Once annually.”

Incorrect answer 1: “Weekly.”

Incorrect answer 2: “Normally.”

Incorrect answer 3: “Twice annually.”

In this example, there are three traps:

Choices are very similar:

  • Both once annually and twice annually contain the word annually. You need to check the added word.

Vocabulary additions or changes:

  • annually = once a year. Adding once keeps the same frequency.
  • twice annually = two times a year. Adding twice changes the frequency, so this answer is incorrect.
  • weekly = every week. This is a different frequency.
  • normally = usually. This does not tell you how often the survey takes place.

Paraphrasing:

  • annually = once annually = once a year.

Example 2:

The text states: “Employees may submit up to three suggestions no later than Friday.”

The question asks: “Which statement matches the text?”

The correct answer is: “Employees are allowed to submit a maximum of three suggestions by Friday.”

Incorrect answer 1: “Employees must submit at least three suggestions before Friday.”

In this example, the incorrect answer changes three details:

Grammatical changes:

  • may = are allowed to. You have permission; you are not required to submit suggestions.
  • may ➜ must changes permission to a requirement.

Quantity changes:

  • up to three = a maximum of three. You cannot submit more than three.
  • at least three = a minimum of three. This changes the limit.

Time changes:

  • no later than Friday = by Friday. Friday is included.
  • before Friday excludes Friday. You would have less time than the text allows.

Trap #3: Overall meaning not specific details.

A true detail can still be the wrong answer. If you are asked for the main idea, purpose, or best summary, you need an answer that explains the overall message.

Skill #3: Identifying the main idea and purpose.

You build this skill by:

  • identifying what the question asks you to find
  • Main idea means what the text is mainly about. Purpose means why the writer is communicating.
  • reading the complete message
  • Connect the information instead of choosing an answer because it repeats one detail.
  • summarizing the message in your own words
  • Check that your answer includes the main point and does not add unsupported information.

Example 1:

The text states: “The staff entrance will be closed on Monday while the lock is replaced. Please use the main entrance until the work is complete.”

The question asks: “What is the purpose of this notice?”

The correct answer is: “To tell you to use a different entrance during maintenance.”

Incorrect answer 1: “To explain how to replace the staff entrance lock.”

In this example, there are two traps:

A detail instead of the purpose:

  • Replacing the lock explains why the entrance is closed. It is not an explanation of how to replace the lock.
  • You are being told about a closure and what you need to do during that closure.

Paraphrasing:

  • staff entrance closed + use main entrance = use a different entrance.
  • while the lock is replaced = during maintenance.

Example 2:

The text states: “Starting next month, employees will book meeting rooms through the online calendar. This will replace email requests and allow everyone to see room availability.”

The question asks: “Which answer best summarizes the message?”

The correct answer is: “A new online booking process will replace email requests and show room availability.”

Incorrect answer 1: “Employees will be able to see which meeting rooms are available.”

In this example, there are two traps:

A true but incomplete answer:

  • You can see room availability, but that is only one benefit. The incorrect answer leaves out the main change: online booking replaces email requests.

Paraphrasing:

  • book meeting rooms through the online calendar = online booking process.
  • see room availability = show which rooms are available.
  • The correct answer includes both the new process and its stated benefit.

Trap #4: A familiar meaning does not fit the context.

You may recognize a word but choose a meaning that does not fit the sentence. In a fill-in-the-blank question, a word may fit the grammar but create the wrong connection between ideas.

Skill #4: Using context to determine meaning.

You build this skill by:

  • reading the words and sentences around an unfamiliar expression
  • Look for an explanation, reason, example, condition, or result.
  • checking how ideas are connected
  • However introduces contrast. Because introduces a reason. Therefore introduces a result.
  • trying each possible meaning in the sentence
  • Choose the meaning that fits both the grammar and the situation.

Example 1:

The text states: “Please hold off on ordering the equipment until Finance approves the budget.”

The question asks: “What does “hold off” mean in this sentence?”

The correct answer is: “Wait before ordering.”

Incorrect answer 1: “Cancel the order permanently.”

In this example, there are two traps:

Expression meaning:

  • hold off on ordering = wait before ordering.
  • You are being asked to delay an action, not cancel it permanently.

Context clues:

  • until Finance approves the budget tells you what you are waiting for.
  • until approval = wait for approval. The delay is connected to a condition.

Example 2:

The text states: “The report is complete. _____, it cannot be released until the director approves it.”

The question asks: “Which word best fills the blank?”

The correct answer is: “However.”

Incorrect answer 1: “Therefore.”

In this example, there are two traps:

Logical connections:

  • However = contrast. You might expect a completed report to be ready for release, but approval is still required.
  • Therefore = result. The report being complete is not the reason it cannot be released.

Context clues:

  • complete + cannot be released yet = contrast.
  • You need to connect both sentences. The missing approval prevents release.